Civil War Surgery

By Emily Hennenfent
  • the closer to the body an amputation was, the higher the chance of death
  • 83% of hip amputations resulted in death
  • the Minie ball splintered bones and destroyed muscles; soldiers with wounds from this bullet in the head or through the body were not expected to live
  • amputation was the most common operation because over 70% of wounds were to the extremeties
  • battlefield hospitals were not sanitary; doctors often used instruments over and over with no cleaning between patients but a dip in cold, bloody water
  • most of the time if an instrument was dropped, it was just dipped in cold water and the surgery would continue
  • To amputate, the doctor would use a scalpel to cut the flesh and muscle away from the bone leaving just a flap of skin. Then they used a saw to cut the bone. After the bone was cut, they would use a file to grind the end of the bone down so it would be smooth and wouldn't poke through the skin. They then sewed the skin flap over the bone with horsehair but left an opening so the blood could drain out. After that, they covered the stump with plaster.
  • the North had 11,000 doctors and the South had 3,000
  • less than 1% of these doctors had done surgery before
  • experienced surgeons could amputate a limb in under 10 minutes by the end of the war
  • a surgeon's kit contained knives, a hook, a saw and a pair of pliers

amputation.gif
pictures

This is a picture of a soldier getting his leg amputated.
ampkit.jpg
This is a surgeon's kit. Surgeons would carry it around with them during battle.

References

Amputations
Surgery
Pictures